Singapore’s Economic Competitiveness

Singapore’s Economic Competitiveness Introduction According to the global competitiveness report 2014-2015, Singapore has retained their place as the most competitive economies in the South East Asia. Singapore’s economic rank second in the world just behind the country Switzerland for the fourth consecutive. Singapore had owning an outstanding and stable performance across all the dimensions of the GCI. In addition, Singapore had tops the goods market efficiency pillar and ranks second in the labor market efficiency. Over decade years, Singapore unemployment rate has obviously decreasing, this refer Singapore’s labor force has strong active population toward to work in order stimulate the development to the country. Furthermore, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Singapore tremendously expanded 3.20 percent in the first quarter 2015 over the previous quarter. 2.0 The Cause of the High Economic Competitiveness in Singapore Macroeconomic environment Regional Co-operation As the globalization permeates our modern world, change can be said to be only constant to Singapore. As Singapore celebrates its Jubilee year, contemplating where it stands in ASEAN is important to carve out a path to keep constantly develop to successful country. The future of Singapore should not only improve within it country to remain ahead and relevant, Singapore should also to consider how the world affects us. Hence, Singapore need to building stronger ties in between neighbors countries. The association of South East Asian nation known as ASEAN is a 12 member international body, that’s consists the country of: China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, India and Singapore. The objective of ASEAN is aim to promote collaboration and co-operation among its member states as well as to advance the interest of the region as whole, including economic and trade growth (). Singapore had a crucial role in building economic ties within the region of ASEAN, it lead Singapore economic market trading with ASEAN countries. As Asia’s most mature financial center, Singapore has a key role to play in ASEAN’s economic transformation. It attracted more public and private funding through export agencies or bank to invest Singapore to trade finance to allow more Asian companies to reach global market. As today prosperous of China, Singapore has to working with China to explore more new opportunities to maintain it economic position. Singapore integration with China will be inevitable in near future, it may allow Singapore be able to maintain independence through economic ties with the US market. According to China moving up the value chain, Singapore will need to build stronger diplomatic with China in order to further exploring Sino-Singapore co-investment in other market. The developing of Sino-Singapore co-investment will benefits to Singapore and even to ASEAN could be profitable as it rides on the trend of growing outbound Asian foreign direct investment to other high-growth market. Global Economic Outlook Global growth is forecast at 3.5 percent in 2015 and 3.8 percent in 2016, global economic growth remains moderate with uneven prospects across the main countries and regional. In year 2015, World Economic Outlook (WEO) report that the outlook of global advanced economic compare relative to last years has improving, while growth in emerging market and developing economies is projected to be lower, primarily reflecting weaker prospects for some large emerging market economies and oil-exporting countries. In the United States, underlying growth has remained solid all time. However, while lower energy prices have boosted growth momentum in the United States, they pose downside risk to the Canadian economy owing to the relatively large size of its energy sector. The economy of United Stated has been resilient to the weaker external conditions and the strengthening dollar. Besides that, United States has shown solid improvement into labor market and business as well as the consumer behavior. It may develop United States on labor market to recovery fast pace, boosting household incomes and confident. In the Europe area, activity was weaker than expected in the middle part of 2014 as private investment remained weak. Although growth was stronger than expected in fourth quarter, but uncertain still across countries. The substantial QE program carries out by the European Central Bank can have positive effect on sentiment, but whether it will product critical effect to boost the growth outlook is debated. In the financial market of Europe, pricing in the ECB policy actions positively remained supportive. ECB’s action will able to improve financial conditions in order to boost economic into the stronger momentum at end of 2015. Microeconomic Environment Improve Innovation and Reformation In the microeconomic environment of Singapore, Singapore improve it country innovation and reformation to increase competitiveness. These innovation and reformation allow Singapore boosts it economic to moving upward. An innovation and reformation can be created in many ways, which can be in sector of technological or sector of science innovation. No matter what type innovation or reformation is, it should helpful Singapore development into a modern city. New innovation and reformation will helps Singapore industries to save much time toward work and labor force. Innovations stands a vital role to transforming Singapore to developing country to a modern industries economy in one generation and keep innovating so Singapore will able to stay competitive in the global economy. Human Capability Singapore had strong education system to enhance it country human capability. Singapore student are aims high and they achieve a very good result. Education in Singapore is managed by Minister of Education (MOE), which control the development and administration of state school as well as has advisory and supervisory role in respect of private schools. MOE provided a good environment with capable leader and teachers and also perfect facilities to the youth which are helpful to develop student skill and knowledge in order to take Singapore forward to maintain it economic competitiveness in future. Moreover, Singapore education systems are best and has been recognize in the world, this bringing tremendously opportunity to Singapore residents which allow them to survive in global challenge. Singapore has achieved almost universal education at each level of schools which will able to enhance student human capability to prepare them for knowledge based-economic and help to build national i dentity. 3.0 The Challenge to Singapore’s economic competiveness Lacking of natural resource Singapore has limited land area and limited of natural resource, it will cause Singapore facing challenge to further developing without any of this natural resource. Singapore is a small island nation with over 5.3 million people, but it is face difficult problem with their insufficient of resource to supply to these 5.3 million residents. The major natural resources issue that Singapore facing are, limited natural freshwater resources and limited land availability presenting waste disposal problem and so on. It could lead the problems to Singapore that people have no access to clean water in time of future and quarter of people will lack adequate housing. Meanwhile, lack of resource will create wide-range problems such as unemployment, housing and people which will affect their life system. Domestically, Singapore does not have enough arable land to produce its own food, it heavily relies on imports which will result the price are extremely expensive to it residents. Lacking of natural resource will also slower down Singapore economic growth as well as affect to the overall GDP on economic development. With limited natural resource, Singapore will unable to produce more domestic goods to export to other countries which will become barriers to it economy when competitive to other developing country. Human Resource Development Hamper A confidence labor market is the great asset of country. Singapore labor market had insufficient skill and unskilled worker in today workforce. Due environment changing rapidly with the jobs, the criteria of jobs will be different and skill will need to change, it should not remain on the past. When worker lack of skill and unskilled to enter the workforce, it may take a certain time to train them in order to join workforce, more or less it will affect the productivity of Singapore hamper. Meanwhile, it will also affect Singapore economy downturn. When workers are unskilled, it may lead to low morale among worker which results in worker turnover. In addition, Singapore unemployment rate will be increase when worker didn’t adopt a new idea and new skill. Nevertheless, Singapore productivity rate will decrease due to unskilled worker not well knows to perform their jobs confidently. Unskilled worker spend considerable time to perform their jobs based on their own understanding which affect detriment of the work process. This could also lead errors and injury on workplace. Furthermore, supervisor and other worker need to spend time to monitoring unskilled worker, which detracts from their work and increases the amount of time necessary to complete production. Singapore facing uncertain economy problem which people unwilling continue upgrading and economics growth will be in period of recession. 4.0 The economic strategies and government policies for Singapore future improvement Energy efficiency and renewable resources As Singapore is city-state with lack land area to development, it is not particular rich in natural resources. The challenge that Singapore is facing on management water resource has been a country across the globe. Thus, Singapore has to carry out with an efficient water management policy to ensure sustainability of water over the period of time. Singapore should further devise water management strategies to manage limited water resource. Singapore should through research and technology to found an integrated with further carry effective and cost-efficient ways to solve water supply issue. Singapore’s national water agency PUB has implemented a policy to provide diversified supply of water. These plenty water supply consist the method of: local catchment water, imported water, highly-purified reclaimed water also known as NEWater and desalinated water. Moreover, the sustain increasing demand in energy, government of Singapore should developing the technology for various source of renewable resource in Singapore and to leverage on renewable resources to implement in large scale and commercially viable manner. Renewable resources have become a focal point of the environment movement in both politically and economically and energy obtained from renewable resources put less strain on the limited supply of non-renewable resources. Singapore government should use of bios mass as renewable resource. Bios mass is any derived organic matter, which is available on a renewable basis. On the other hand, bios mass able stored solar energy that can be converted into electricity or fuel. Singapore has great potential to harness solar energy due to this country located in the equatorial belt. Singapore able builds a solar power manufacturing plant to product solar energy. The solar energy plant able to produce wafer, cells and modules in the ways for used to generate solar power. Use Solar energy is lead to reduce the demand of electric current and solar power is much reliability than electricity. Urban Planning to Singapore An urban planning is planned for Singapore for a long-term sustainability to further developing Singapore to a better country. The main objective urban planning of Singapore is to priority ensuring catering for the economic growth and a good quality of life as well as maintains the clean garden city and making the best of using resources. An urban plan approach to sustainable development is far-sighted, holistic and comprehensive planning to Singapore, which able to help Singapore take into account of the global changing as well as future development through an integrate planning process. An urban planning is significantly in development future of Singapore, it should also offer a good quality of life for all residents. Thus, the key aspect of urban planning is in ensuring that housing is available and affordable. With over 50 million people in Singapore, land is important to set aside for variety of housing type to meet various types of needs and aspiration. So, the range to purchasing of house should provide from affordable and quality high rise public housing where allow 80 per cent of the population lives. As Singapore is the city to address complex urbanization and uncertain environmental challenges of the future, there is a necessary to seeking out viable new ideas, innovation, technologies and other solution to against with the global economic changing. That’s the reason why Singapore developing living laboratory. Numerous of companies and research institute are in partner with urban planning authority of Singapore developed new technologies and have been testing out the new urban solution that can be commercialized and replicated elsewhere. In order to Singapore create cooler and more comfortable environment that every people could enjoy, urban redevelopment authority also known as URA is leading an ongoing climatic mapping island-wide study that examines the impact of building, greenery and urban space on micro-climatic conditions like air flow and temperature. The aim of urban design study is to help Singapore design strategies that can leverage on climatic conditions to c reate better living environment. 5.0 Conclusion While the economy will move upward and downturn in the long run, it is hard predictable what will happen in the future development of Singapore. Singapore may face uneven challenge in the future, in keeping the economy strong, raising total fertility and further to growth competitiveness while global economy changing rapidly. However, with the government policy play important role to maintain upgrade and keep priming the economic development; this could lead Singapore to stand great confidence in against global economic competitiveness. In the global economic, Singapore remain confident that the global economy able to gain momentum due to US economy set accelerate to itself fastest pace and oil price remain low. With good reputation on trading experience in import, export market and shipping market, Singapore able to integrate with other countries develop more competitiveness market. More or less, it could also boost Singapore economy to a better result in consumer confidence. Singap ore will able to keep growing as modest city with it strong economic system in competitions of globalization

Our Concept of Time Essay -- Existence Creation Essays

Our Concept of Time If our perception of time can successfully be challenged, the implications are huge. The story of evolution, which is supported by our observations and is largely becoming accepted as truth, conflicts with most religious stories. The story of evolution, like many other scientific stories, is changing the story of religion. If God did not really create the earth in seven days, the days must be symbolic or represent time on a different scale. If God did not create the human species in the beginning and designate us to rule the earth, perhaps he set the ball rolling, knowing what was to come.* The story told by religion seems to be accommodating more and more to the story of evolution. Do these stories have to be mutually exclusive? Both stories are embedded in time. They are explanations of our existence based on history. An explanation outside of time is the only way that I can understand the supernatural to coexist with the natural, without denying facts or excessively accommodating for them. Can we think of an answer to the great question, "Why are we here?" without explaining it in terms of time? Can we even ask the question without wondering "Where did we come from? How did we get here?" or similar questions bounding our reality within time? Can we think of any story outside of time? This is a huge question that I do not pretend to be able to answer. But, through an exploration of our understanding and use of the concept of time, I hope to confuse our conception. It may be hard to truly imagine breaking the confines of time until we gain a better understanding by emerging ourselves in it, questioning it, and messing it up. Before we examine the possibility of a story told outside of time, it is ... ...time as a directional course of moments. Time is headed in a direction because we are. Time does seem to be upheld by reality. Most things that occur can happen in reverse order. Thermodynamics by "law" cannot. The second law of thermodynamics states that systems tend to a state of higher disorder. Obviously, this tendency is a tendency over time. Perhaps this increasing disorder is the basis of our understanding of time. But disorder depends on perspective. If we look at a single particle, disorder, and consequently time, are irrelevant if not imaginary. Therefore, it is not reality, but only our picture of reality which requires time. I do not have an answer to the conflict of the two stories we tell within our concept of time, but it is helpful to keep time in perspective, and to continue to play with it in order to change the reality that we understand.

Ineffectiveness of Therapeutic Communities in Prisons Essay

Prisons release 650,000 offenders to the public annually and 70% of those exoffenders will commit new offenses within three years (Fields, 2005, p. A4). According to the JFA Institute (2007), â€Å"two-thirds of the 650,000 prison admissions are people who have failed probation or parole—approximately half of these people have been sent to prison for technical violations† (p. 1). As prison crowding occurs, prison officials are challenged to keep inmates busy by assigning them to productive tasks and incorporate therapeutic programs (Center for Justice & Reconciliation, 2007). If criminal justice professionals fail to keep up with programming expectations, program shortages may influence inmate idleness resulting in disruptions, prison violations, and mental-health issues related to stress and depression (Fields). During 2003 and 2004, approximately 900 criminals entered the nation’s jails and prisons each week based on a report issued in April 2006 by the U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs (p. 1). Jails and prisons in the U. S. house more people with mental illnesses than many of the inpatient psychiatric facilities, and virtually all correctional facilities experience the impact of this population that is increasing at an unprecedented rate (McCuan, Prini, & Wasarhaley, 2007). During 2006, 41% of inmate assailants were listed under the mental health caseload (Collins, 2006). In 2006, the U. S. Department of Justice released statistics revealing that 23% of state prisoners reported symptoms of major depression. An estimated 61% of state prisoners and 44% of jail inmates who had a mental health problem also had a history of past violent behavior. In a 1999 report (Dawn, 2007), the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill reported that there are three times as many seriously mentally ill individuals in prison and jails than there are being treated in hospitals. Equally disturbing is that the criminal justice system will have some type of experience with 25 to 40% of the mentally ill in the U. S. population. Inmates with mental illness present additional expenditure problems for prison systems already overburdened by population demands. The influx has challenged criminal justice professionals to extend their budgets to cover the costs of appropriate programming for every offender in an effort to minimize potential inmate unrest, a situation that leads to assaults and other infractions associated with idleness (Wilkinson, 1998). In 2007, the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction (DRC) reached a population milestone with a count of 50,000 offenders. As the inmate population rises in Ohio prisons, the possibility of inmate assaults may also go up â€Å"because overcrowding exacerbates the chronic pains of imprisonment† (Haney, 2006, p. 2). One way to manage a potential increase in assaults is to keep offenders engaged in some type of community activity and participating in therapeutic programs. Some officials reported that therapeutic programs and community service theoretically should be one of the most effective ways to engage an inmate’s time and energy and keep infractions at a manageable level. DRC views the involvement of inmates in community service and therapy as vital to their release. Ohio prison Director Terry Collins stated that ex-offenders who served as program participants during their incarceration help close the gap between themselves and their communities. As a result, these inmates are better prepared to function as lawabiding citizens â€Å"†¦because they have stayed in touch with the community and have given something of value back† (Collins, 2007, p. 1). â€Å"Very crowded prison systems are difficult to manage† (Wilkinson, 1998, p. 76). As prison crowding occurs, prison officials are challenged to keep inmates busy by assigning them to productive tasks. â€Å"Good prison management is engaging prisoners in meaningful activities such as educational programs and work assignments† (Wilkinson, p. 76). â€Å"The most important single factor (among many) that helps to explain the current crisis in American corrections—the lack of effective programming and treatment† (Haney, 2007, p. 76). Although prison jobs such as mopping floors, kitchen duty, and making prison garments occupy inmates’ time, more meaningful community service as a restorative justice measure may be an effective way to address the challenge of prison crowding (Center for Justice & Reconciliation, 2007). â€Å"The meaningful aspect is critical because it may help to instill responsibility and a changed attitude about criminal activity† (Wilkinson, p. 76). Prisons in the United States are facing the challenges of crowding including inmate idleness as it relates to programming expectations. Lack of programming in prison is a serious safety and security threat to the staff, the public, and the offenders. As inmate populations increase, once stable prison systems can become volatile environments and endanger prison staff and the systems they are charged with protecting (Gaes, 1994). When criminal justice professionals fail to keep up with programming expectations, program shortages may influence inmate idleness. Inmate idleness can lead to disruptions, prison violations, gang-related activities, and mental-health issues related to stress and depression (Wilkinson, p. 76). Another issue confronting the criminal justice system is the increasing number ofyouth being sentenced to adult prisons (Fields, 2005). Every state within the U. S. has at least one statutory component that addresses the procedure of processing juveniles as adults in criminal court (Wilkinson, 1998). Prison officials also have other challenges. One challenge officials face includes accommodating the needs of state prisoners with symptoms of mania (43%) and major depression (23%) according to the U. S. Department of Justice (2006, p. 1). A major problem is that inmates with mental health problems are unable to defend their situation so they remain in prison. Although prison officials face the issue of crowding, they are also seeking ways for inmates to become engaged in some type of activity that will keep them busy for the majority of their waking hours. When offenders engage in some type of prison program or activity that helps with their transition from prison to society successful reintegration is possible. The theoretical framework of community service in the prison setting is the restorative justice model (Zehr, 2002). The restorative justice model advocates that offenders must demonstrate a desire or a goodwill gesture to pay back the public for the misdeed they committed in order to reconnect to their community. Restorative justice is a philosophical framework for responding to crime that focuses on the injury resulting from crime and the actions needed to mend this harm. It focuses on crime as an act against another individual or the community rather than the state. It is a future-focused model that emphasizes problem solving instead of â€Å"just deserts. † (Carey, 1996, pp. 152-153) Although several justice models exist, the restorative justice model combines the best features of the traditional, liberal, and conservative theories. â€Å"Restorative justice has brought an awareness of the limits and negative by-products of punishment. Beyond that, however, it has argued that punishment is not real accountability† (Zehr, 2002, p. 16). By participating as community service volunteers, inmates choose to serve the community. The inmates’ actions demonstrate a desire to give back and a desire to assume responsibility for their actions. Community service programs have a restorative justice component that considers an offender’s successful transition from incarceration to community integration (U. S. Department of Justice, 2006). When considering the large number of offenders in jails and prisons nationally, the problem demands the public’s immediate attention (U. S. Department of Justice, 2006). Providing offenders with productive activities through programs like community service sends a message to the public that its safety and security is vital. It is also important to assist inmates in their transition back into the community by engaging them in an activity that keeps them connected to a society that has been offended by crime. Wilkinson (1998) reported that a significant percent of exoffenders that participated in community service while in prison did not recidivate compared to those offenders that did not participate (p. 91). Although community service may have a positive impact on an inmate’s community re-entry, the type of community service program inmates do during their incarceration may also improve their quality of prison life. Barak, Savorai, Mavashev, and Beni (2001) reported that dogs are becoming a valued therapeutic tool among health-care providers in clinical and non-traditional settings because of the calming affect dogs have on the physical and mental conditions of patients. Community service programs serve a useful role in managing inmate behavior and controlling the frequency and severity of inmate infractions within adult prisons. However, as prison crowding occurs, prison officials struggle to keep inmates busy by assigning them to productive tasks. Inmate idleness is something that most states are confronted with and while prison jobs such as mopping floors, kitchen duty, and making prison garments keep inmates occupied, these jobs are not enough to satisfy programming requirements to address the needs of rising populations. As inmate populations increase, stable prison systems could become volatile environments endangering prison staff as well as the inmates the systems are charged with protecting. When there are a limited number of prison jobs to address the population challenges, offenders find inappropriate ways to address their own idleness. The choices offenders make may lead to fights, staff assaults, riots, and other forms of aggression. References Barak, Y. , Savorai, O. , Mavashev, S. , & Beni, A (2001). Animal assisted therapy for elderly schizophrenic patients: A one year controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 9(4), 439-432. Fields, G. (2005, January). Congress prepares to tackle prisoner recidivism: Lawmakers plan for bipartisan measures after report offers advice for overhaul. Wall Street Journal, p. A4. JFA Institute. (2007, November). Unlocking America: Why and how to reduce America’s prison population. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from www. jfa-associates. com U. S. Department of Justice. (2006, September 6). Study finds more than half of all prison and jail inmates have mental health problems. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/newsroom/pressreleases/2006/BJS06064. htm McCuan, R. , Prins, S. , & Wasarhaley, N. (2007). Resources and challenges: Corrections and mental health collaborations. August 2007, Corrections Today: Female Offenders Collins, T. (2006). Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction: Pieces of the puzzle. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. drc. ohio. gov/ Dawn, B. (2007). Managing the â€Å"other† inmate. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www. corrections. com Wilkinson, R. A. (1998). The impact of community service work on adult state prisons using a restorative justice framework. Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati, College of Education. Haney, C. (2007). Testimony of Professor Craig Haney. Prison overcrowding: Harmful consequences and dysfunctional reactions. University of California, Santa Cruz.

Theology of Poverty - 3073 Words

Theology of Poverty: Analysis of the Historical Christian Response to Poverty in America, in the Context of our Biblical Calling By Jonathan Yang Professor: Dr. Victor Ezigbo Course: Christian Theology (THE 201) November 21, 2011 Bethel University Table of Content I. Intro A. Statement of problem pg. 1 B. Thesis Statement C. Statement of Relevance II. Two major Opposing View A. Prosperity Gospel 1. Explanation 2. Argument I 3. Weaknesses/critiques B. Holistic Perspective 1. Explanation 2. Argument I 3. Weaknesses/critiques III. Person Position IV. Conclusion I. Introduction Statement of Problem Poverty has always been a very prevalent issue†¦show more content†¦Consequently, this issue urges me to seek a more holistic approach to poverty and spread such understanding to be constantly lived out by followers of Christ; that faith without works is dead, and vice versa (James 2:14-26). Within this paper, I’ll explore and discuss these two opposing perspectives/response to poverty, in doing so I’ll come up with an conclusion that will readily help a Christian to better understand why he/she is responsible to the poor. II. Two Major Opposing Views A. Prosperity Gospel Perhaps one of the most debated â€Å"gospel† within the history of protestant church; is known as the Prosperity Gospel. Believers of such â€Å"gospel† believe in the intertwining of economic and faith. That one who is faithful to God would receive financial and economical â€Å"blessings† upon his/her life, therefore the â€Å"fruits† of one’s faith is widely connected with monetary gains. Consequently, the more faithful one is to God the more abundant of monetary â€Å"blessings† that one would receive. This view connects the concepts of one’s â€Å"faithfulness† with socio-economic status; the idea that one’s current poor socio-economic status is due to the unfaithfulness within or rather the existence of lingering sins within one’s life. In contrast, those who are more â€Å"faithful† and have lessShow MoreRelatedHistory Of South American Poverty And The Development Of Liberation Theology1451 Words   |  6 PagesLiberation Theology â€Å"But the poor person does not exist as an inescapable fact of destiny. His or her existence is not politically neutral, and it is not ethically innocent. The poor are a by-product of the system in which we live and for which we are responsible. They are marginalized by our social and cultural world. They are the oppressed, exploited proletariat, robbed of the fruit of their labor and despoiled of their humanity. 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